Effect of aripiprazole combined with risperidone on serum prolactin and glucose lipid metabolism in male patients with schizophrenia / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To explore the effect of aripiprazole combined with risperidone on serum prolactin and glucolipid metabolism in male patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 113 male patients with schizophrenia who were treated with risperidone in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from October 2016 to May 2017 were select-ed. The patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Fifty-nine patients in the control group were given risperidone 4 - 6 mg·d - 1 orally,while fifty-four patients in the observation group were given risperidone 4 - 6 mg·d - 1 combined with aripiprazole 10 mg·d - 1 orally,the course of treatment was 8 weeks. The serum prolactin(PRL)levels were measured before treatment and at 2,4,8 weeks after treatment. Positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS)was used to eval-uated the psychiatric symptoms in the two groups before treatment and at 4,8 weeks after treatment. The levels of fasting plas-ma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL),high density lipoprotein(HDL), body mass index(BMI)were measured in the two groups before treatment and at 4,8 weeks after treatment. Results A total of 113 patients completed the experiment,with 53 cases in the observation group and 59 cases in the control group. There was no significant difference in the level of PRL,FPG,TC,TG,HDL,LDL and the total score,positive symptom score,negative symptom score,general pathologic score of PANSS and BMI between the two groups before treatment(P > 0. 05). At 2,4,8 weeks after treatment,the level of PRL in the control group was higher than that before treatment(P < 0. 05),and in the obser-vation group it was lower than that before treatment(P < 0. 05). Compared between any two time points,there was significant difference in the PRL level at 2,4,8 weeks after treatment in the two groups(P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group,the level of PRL in the treatment group was significantly lower at 2,4,8 weeks after treatment (P < 0. 01). The total score,positive symptom score,negative symptom score,general pathologic score of PANSS in the two groups at 4,8 weeks after treatment were lower than those before treatment and at 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0. 05). The total score,positive symptom score,negative symptom score,general pathologic score of PANSS in the two groups at 8 weeks after treatment were lower than those at 4 weeks after treatment(P < 0. 05). The total score,negative symptom score,general pathologic score of PANSS in the observation group at 4,8 weeks after treatment were lower than those in the control group(P < 0. 05),but there was no significant difference in the positive symptom score of PANSS between the two groups at 4,8 weeks after treatment(P > 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the level of FPG,TC,TG,HDL,LDL and BMI in the control group at 4,8 weeks after treatment compared with that before treatment(P > 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the level of FPG,TC,TG,HDL,LDL and BMI in the observation group at 4 weeks after treatment compared with that before treatment(P > 0. 05). There was no significant differ-ence in the level of FPG,TC,TG,HDL in the observation group at 8 weeks after treatment compared with that before treatment and at 4 weeks after treatment(P > 0. 05). But the level of LDL and BMI in the observation group at 8 weeks after treatment were lower than those before treatment and at 4 weeks after treatment(P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the level of FPG,TC,TG,HDL,LDL and BMI between the observation group and the control group at 4 weeks after treatment(P >0. 05). There was no significant difference in the level of FPG,TC,TG,HDL between the observation group and the control group at 8 weeks after treatment (P > 0. 05). But the level of LDL and BMI in the observation group at 8 weeks after treatment were lower than those in the control group(P < 0. 05). At 8 weeks after treatment,the incidence rate of akathisia,thirst,somno-lence,tremor,nausea and salivation in the control group was 5. 08％,10. 16％,10. 16％,15. 25％,6. 77％,11. 86％,respec-tively;the incidence rate of akathisia,thirst,somnolence,tremor,nausea and salivation in the observation group was 3. 70％, 14. 81％,9. 25％,16. 67％,11. 11％,9. 26％,respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of akathi-sia,thirst,somnolence,tremor,nausea and salivation between the two groups(χ2 = 0. 207,0. 106,0. 159,0. 326,0. 091,0. 162;P > 0. 05). Conclusion Risperidone combined with aripiprazole in the treatment of male schizophrenia patients is beneficial to reduce the level of serum high PRL induced by risperidone and to improve lipid metabolism.

Curative effect of closed replacement via internal and external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires on treating supracondylar fracture of humerus in children / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the closed replacement via internal and external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires on treating supracondylar fracture of humerus in children.Methods One hundred and six patients with supracondylar fracture of humerus in Osteopathic Hospital of Nanyang City from June 2010 to July 2015were divided into control group and observation group.Fifty patients in the control group were given closed replacement via external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires,while fifty-six patients in the observation were given closed replacement via internal and external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires.The visual analogue scales(VAS) score was recorded in the two groups before and after treatment.The curative effect was evaluated by Flynn elbow function evaluation standard and the incidence of postoperative complication was compared between the two groups.Results All the patients were followed up for 3-24 months.The time of fracture healing in the control group and the observation group was (6.0 ± 1.0) weeks and (5.6 ± 1.0) weeks respectively,there was no significant difference in the time of fracture healing between the two groups(P ＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the VAS score before treatment in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment the VAS score in the two groups was lower than that before treatment(P ＜ 0.05),and the VAS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P ＜0.05).The therapeutic efficiency in the control group and the observation group was 74.00％ (37/50) and 91.07％(51/56),respectively.The therapeutic efficiency in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(x2 =5.461,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative complication in the control group and the observation group was 16.00％ (8/50) and 3.57％ (2/56),respectively.The incidence of postoperative complication in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (x2 =4.624,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Comparing with the treatment of closed replacement via external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires,therapeutic efficiency of the closed replacement via internal and external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires in treating children supracondylar fracture of humerus is more obviously and the incidence of postoperative complication is lower.

Changes of protein kinase A expressions in central amygdaloid nuclei during the process of chronic morphine-induced conditioned place aversion in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore neurobiological mechanisms of the withdrawal-induced aversion. The changes of protein kinase A were measured in central amygdaloid nucleic (CeA) of conditioned place aversion (CPA) model rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>(1) All 72 male SD rats were divided into three groups, model group (MN group), and control group (MS group and SN group). MN group was injected with morphine,6.5 days, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (ip), twice per day, naloxone injection, 0.3 mg/kg, ip, along with conditioned place aversion training, to develop the CPA model. The MS group was administrated equivalent volume of morphine and saline. Also the SN group was injected with equivalent volume of saline and naloxone. (2) During the process of morphine-induced CPA, the expression of protein kinase A was assayed with immunohistochemistry in the CeA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the MN group, protein kinase A expressions in the CeA occurred adaptive changes at different points of CPA (P < 0.05). Protein kinase A expressions after establishment(Day7,134.43 +/- 4.481, P < 0.05), and after extinction (Day 13, 141.01 +/- 3.360, P < 0.01), and after reinstatement (Day 14,137.18 +/- 40.330, P < 0.05) were also lower than those before the establishment of the CPA (Day 5, 124.48 +/- 6.722). However, PKA expressions were not significantly different both in MS group (P > 0.05)and SN group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) Protein kinase A expression, in turn regulating the aversion expression, in the CeA probably is a key pathway contributing to the development of CPA. (2) The neuroadaptation mediated by protein kinase A may be one of the important molecular underpinnings of CPA.</p>

Clinical significance of 5-HT and DA levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of the patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes and the clinical significance of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with delayed encephalopathy (DEACMP) after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The dynamic detection of 5-HT and DA levels in serum and CSF from 42 patients with DEACMP was performed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The condition changes of patients with DEACMP were analyzed with three types of scales: the activity of daily living scale (ADL), information memory concentration test (IMCT) and Hasegawa's dementia scale (HDS); these changes were compared with those from 38 other encephalopathy patients and 38 non-encephalopathy patients, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before treatment, the serum 5-HT and DA levels [(662.61 ± 178.50) and (155.74 ± 60.32) nmol/L, respectively] of DEACMP group were both significantly lower than those [(914.08 ± 198.04) and (225.70 ± 48.53) nmol/L] of non-encephalopathy group (P < 0.05); the serum DA level of DEACMP group was also significantly lower than that [(243.57 ± 66.94) nmol/L] of other encephalopathy group (P < 0.05); the serum 5-HT level of DEACMP group was not significantly different from that [(729.54 ± 299.87) nmol/L] of other encephalopathy group (P > 0.05). After treatment, the serum 5-HT and DA levels [(714.08 ± 170.47) and (192.18 ± 33.07 nmol/L, respectively)] of DEACMP group elevated to various extent, but only serum DA level was significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05). Before treatment, the CSF 5-HT and DA levels of DEACMP group were significantly lower than those of non-encephalopathy group and those of other encephalopathy group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the CSF 5-HT level (232.44 ± 54.28 nmol/L) was similar to normal level and significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05); the CSF DA level [(56.83 ± 12.85) nmol/L] of DEACMP group increased only slightly (P > 0.05). In DEACMP group, ADL score (50.64 ± 7.23), HDS score (8.55 ± 8.08) and IMCT score (4.95 ± 7.30) before treatment were significantly different from those (8.5 ± 8.08, 4.95 ± 7.30 and 15.64 ± 10.90) after treatment (P < 0.01). In DEACMP group, there wasa negative correlation between DA level changes and HDS score changes, when the DA levels and HDS scores before treatment were compared with those after treatment (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dynamic changes of 5-HT and DA levels in serum and CSF of patients with DEACMP consisted basically with the patient's condition change. The dynamically detected 5-HT and DA levels can be used as the biological indicators to reflect the condition change and treatment effects of DEACMP patients.</p>

Expressional changes of neuregulin-1 gene mRNA in peripheral blood from schizophrenia patients / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of anti-psychotic treatment on the expression of Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) mRNA in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of schizophrenia patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The NRG1 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes was measured using semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in 80 first-onset schizophrenia patients, 37 sibling controls and 83 non-related controls. The patients were treated with risperdone and quetiapine for 4 weeks. Positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the severity and clinical efficacy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prior to the treatment, the expression of NRG1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in patients than other two groups (F=73.004, P=0.000). From the second week on, the level of NRG1 mRNA expression in patients became significantly higher than before and gradually increased, whilst no significant difference between sib and non-sib controls. Prior to the treatment, there was significant correlation (r=-0.232, P=0.038) between the level of NRG1 mRNA and PANSS scores. Four weeks after the treatment, a significant correlation between the reduction rate of PANSS and the change of NRG1 mRNA (r=0.27, P=0.016).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of NRG1 gene mRNA is associated with schizophrenia. Decreased expression of NRG1 may play a role in the development of schizophrenia, which can be improved by anti-psychotic drugs.</p>

Association analysis of neuregulin 1 gene polymorphism with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of the Neuregulin 1(NRG1) gene polymorphism with schizophrenia by analyzing allele transmission in schizophrenic parent-proband trios.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Quantitative real-time PCR was used to check the genotypes of four SNPs-rs221533(C/T), rs7820838(C/T), 433E1006(A/G) and rs3924999(C/T), located at the 5o terminus of the Nrg1 gene, in 258 Chinese Han schizophrenic parent-proband trios. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) program (Genehunter software 2.0) was used to evaluate the association of the NRG1 gene with schizophrenia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For all the subjects, the genotypes of the 4 SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In all the 258 parent-proband trios, there were significant transmission disequilibrium in allelic transmission of C, A, T from rs221533, 433E1006, rs3924999 loci respectively (rs221533: chi-square was 27.45, P was 0.000; 433E1006: chi-square was 56.08, P was 0.000; rs3924999: chi-square was 10.53, P was 0.001). Haplotype was analyzed at frequency exceeding 1%. In three-marker-haplotype, C/C/G and C/C/A (marker order: rs221533, rs7820838, 433E1006) transmitted predominantly(C/C/G: chi-square was 5.26, P was 45.08; C/C/A: chi-square was 0.026, P was 0.000). In four-marker-haplotype (marker order: rs221533, rs7820838, 433E1006, rs3924999), C/C/G/T, C/C/A/C and C/C/A/T showed transmission disequilibrium (C/C/G/T: chi-square was 10.71, P was 0.001; C/C/A/C: chi-square was 8.83, P was 0.006, C/C/A/T: chi-square was 27.00, P was 0.000). In the positive subtype of parent-proband trios, C/T/G/C hapoltype transmission was not observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The NRG1 gene polymorphism is significantly associated with schizophrenia in Chinese Han, especially in the positive subtype of schizophrenia.</p>